Reading 5.4 “Metaphor”.

The writer focuses on the use of language that will leave an impact to the readers. Metaphor is crucial since it is though of an action, and language. Metaphor plays an important role in language at a number of different levels. Metaphor sometimes is strongly motivated. For example, the concept of down is associated with situation of inactivity such as sleep or death. Metaphor provides real alternative for the structuring of particular domains. In emphasizing the structural coherent of much metaphor. Metaphor are culture specific, they invite the reader to imagine a society in which argument is structured.
In the text, the writer claims that metaphor is useful to deliver the message and describe something without need to go straight to the points. The group has deliver a good presentation and able to give a clear view about what methapor is all about, and the usage of methapor in our daily life.

Reading 5.3 Types of exposition: “Persuading that” and “persuading to”.

The writer told the readers about exposition. Basically, there are two types of exposition which is ‘analytical” and “Hortatory” exposition. Analytical exposition aim to persuade the recipient that something is true, on the other hand, hortatory exposition aim to change employee behaviour. in this chapter, the writer also touch on the differences between written and spoken English. The writer also included “Exposition and metaphor which is the use of other word to describe something so that, the word the text is not typical.” The presenter had done a good presentation on this topic. Based from the text, the writer assumes that spoken English is far more difficult than written English. This id due to complexity of grammatical.

Reading 4.5 “crooked and fallacious thinking”

In this topic was presented by nur Syuhada and Noor Mastika. Basically,this chapter discuss about crooked and fallacious thinking are illogical mental process and poor communication skill but also manipulative tool in hands of speakers/ writers wishing to influence and effects the judgement of their listeners/readers. They are also aim to influence others. Crooked and fallacious thinking should be avoided. Their presentation is good. The writer position some victim as simple minded . Example from text is “Lightning does not cause thunder eventhough it flashes before the thunders roars. Yet, many people commit this fallacy unconciosnessly, and crooked thinkers who use this trick find as they do with other tricks find as they do with other tricks, a lot of simple minded victims”.

Reading 4.4 “Statistics”

In this chapter, the writer discus about the use and of statistic and intended to caution readers into a more informed response to text that relate facts and figures. However, statistic sometime being misuse by some parties, for instance unqualified averages, fallacious sampling, percentages unaccompanied by actual numbers, and misleading presentation. Statistic will make a data understandable and more attractive. The presenter had done a good presentation. The writer condemn the people that misused statistic for personal importance. Misleading statistic are thus dangerous. Nevertheless, a layman who acquires some insight into the ways of presenting, analysing and interpreting numerical data will have not only adequate defence against misleading statistical traps, but also some quittance with a useful decision making and facts finding tool.

Reading 4.3 what is evidence?

this topic was presented by Tunku Aimi Athirah and Nur Amira. The writer tells us about the evidence issues. He is also included Bruno Hauptmann case for the readers to determine. After reading the article, the reader will understand better about the differences between arguments and evidence, as well as circumstantial and testimonial evidence. Circumstantial evidence is no witnesses who testified the case, but the charge is support by the evidence. Testimonial example is eyewitness or witnesses testified the case. Argument is a reason or set of reasons that somebody uses to show that something is true or correct. Evidence is the fact, signs or objects that make you believe something is true..

Reading 3.4 speech and speakers.

In linguistics process in sociocultural practice. The presentation was done by Ullyana and Syifaq. The writer tell us that the article able to makes us believe in what the article producer believe in. this is called positioning. In the article, the writer include example to “positioning” such as Ms Seductress and Miss Winner. The writer positioning women according to their achievements or their behaviour. We are also applying positioning in our culture. For instance, someone who is keen on day dreaming tend to be called as “Mat Jenin”. Mat Jenin is a symbol of a man who is love to day dreaming, and lazy. This is how Malay people positioning the lazy people. However, Ullyana and Syifaq has done a good presentation. In the article, the writer positioned Ms Winner is constructes in sexist discourse. a series of negative give the definition of herpositiion and defines.

Reading 2.3 Text and textualities.

this chapter discuss about society by examining its customs as well as it's visual and verbal texts. the writer include text and textual example on magazine advertisement. some advertisement related with culture to attract the viewer. the writer explain how, by the examining a writer choice of vocabulary, sentence structure, and other patterns of language. the reader can discover important about the writer's values, attitudes, and perspectives, and the intended audience. the writer also tell the readers that it is important to study the way texts set up these sort of contrast which is us-them, West-East, culture-nature, masculine-feminin.
the group who present this topic able to come out with a good example, and able to explain in depth about the topic.

Reading 2.2-language, perspective, ideology

in this reading, the writer explain about what perspective and ideology is all about. the writer include an example from foreign newspaper. the production of text clearly has a good deal to do with the exercise of power. given the way in which perspective is mediated through textual structures and textual process, it would appera that those who control the production of text control the operation of ideology. the most striking features of the material discusses here is their fa,iliarity which is tha fact that the same expression and phrases recur in text after text concern with event.
the group has done a good presentation, however, they can added other critical issues such as positioning. the evidence from text is " The guardian report shows equivocation over categorisation of the situatution as "demonstartion" or "riot", clearly identifies the police as agentively involved in the shooting and treats the general situatiopn as a place in which the shootings occured".

Reading 1.3 chapter 2 “Rules and regulations”

In this chapter, the writer exposes to the reader that common and apparently benign text can serve regulatory function. On the other hand, they can control and manipulate the reader in their believe and actions. Base from the text, the reader actually did not realize that they have been coerced by the writer. They believe and agree with the writer, this is what called as “The writers” power. They can make the readers believe on what they said. However, Kress and Fowler stress that we need to understand the article and not easily influence with their words. This chapter been presented by Izamuddin, Zahier, and Fazrul. Their presentation also brilliant, this is because they are including the critical literacy element. However, they have made a slight mistake by positioning a fact. As we all know, the writer can’t position something factual. It’s means that we can’t give opinion to fact.

Reading 1.2, chapter 1 “Stories and facts”

”. The writer tries to connect the relationship between the function and form of different types of writing. In the article, he instructs how we infer the purpose of a text from the style and genre that the writer applies. He also explain how we judge the value or quality of the piece of written material. The chapter focuses on forms of factual writing like description, recount, procedure and report. This chapter was presented by Shereen, Atikah, and Zilla. They had presented a good presentation, they able to deliver the topic according to the text. However, they did not apply the critical literacy element in their presentation. They can add perspective element in their presentation. In the text, the writer mentions that children are interested to write narrative and expressive type of essay.

Introduction to Critical Literacy.

In critical literacy, the students were taught to analyze the text, which is academic articles, advertisement, newspaper reports, or book. There are 10 element that student should consider in critical literacy which is topic, content, source, audience, rhetorical function, purpose, perspective, positioning, impact, and visual literacy. I would like to take a news paper report as an example. The article is “Convicted killer” which is told the reader about Deborah Parry’s case. Based from the article, the writer try to informing the reader about the murder of a nurse in Dhahran Hospital in Saudi Arabia by the suspect which is Deborah Parry. The writer also warning the reader to be careful because the convicted killer is back at work. She will continue working as nurse in a hospital since she has been free from the case. The writer position Parry as a guilty person. This is obviously seen from the title itself. The writer positioned Parry as “Convicted Killer”, even though there is no prove show that she is guilty.